Natural Healing — Laurel Silvestre

 Photo credit: Ernestolapeña 

I discovered another herbal treasure nugget that brought me pure bliss the other day. I picked up a packaged tea that contained laurel, canela (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), and limón (Citrus aurantifolia) but it didn’t have any information on what it could be used for. Since I’ve already done research on limón and canela, there was nothing to it but take a look at laurel. 

I started off wrong-footed in my research. I mistakenly assumed that laurel was Laurus nobilis, bay laurel, and had come with the Spanish conquerors to Mexico. Nope. While the term “laurel” did come from Europe, the leaves most often used in culinary delights and remedies are from a native Mexican tree Litsea glaucescens. Those Spanish priests that were interested in herbology superimposed the name “laurel” on this plant because it resembled the laurel that they were familiar with. 

I wasn’t done with my discovery quite yet. I had noticed previously that the laurel I purchased from different sources tended to be just a little bit different from place to place. That made more sense when I found out there were seven, yes 7, different varieties of Litsea glaucescens in Mexico. 

My next trail of investigation was on discovering the proper name for “laurel.” Bay laurel (Laurus nobilis) is properly known as lauro or laurel de castilla. Litsea glaucescens is Mexican Bay or False Laurel in English. In Nahuatl, it’s ecapatli or expatli de Chietla. It was used in remedies for wounds on the feet, as a digestive aid, to treat respiratory issues, and nervous disorders. Loosely translated, the term ecapatli means “wind or air medicine.”  Laurel continues to be used as a medicine and in religious festivals in Mexico particularly in the Doming de Ramos (Palm Sunday) ceremonies. Unfortunately, over-collection has pushed the species to the endangered classification. 

Different native language speakers refer to to the Mexican bay with different names. Among the Raramuri, it is known as aureli. Other groups use the names canelillo, sufricalla or sufracago, izitzuch in Tseltal, laurelillo, laurel chico, laurel de la sierra or laurel silvestre. Yet other names include cu-ju-e or lipa-cujue-e in Chontal and arrayán. In Mixteco, this tree is known as wixi tika´a,  tu Káa, or yucú ñesachoetiaá and in Mazahua, sanshiño.

It’s often used to treat cold and flu symptoms including congestion, cough, and sore throat. It’s also a digestive aid and prescribed for irregular periods. As a food flavoring, it is often combined with tomillo (Thymus vulgaris), mejorana (Origanum majorana), and oregano. The leaves are almost always used dried. Fresh leaves tend to be somewhat bitter. When burnt, it makes an aromatic smoke. It’s used in several rituals for postpartum cleansing along with other herbs. Manteca de laurel, the essential oil, is harvested by simmering crushed leaves and fruit for 30 minutes. Allow it to cool and skim the oil off the top. It is used as a rub for sore muscles or to relieve rheumatism.  

For digestive issues, laurel silvestre leaves are brewed for a tea in Chiapas and added to a licor de caña in Oaxaca. Laurel (Litsea glaucescens) has antidepressant properties supporting its use for nervous disorders. It has proven antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antimicrobial activities. It also has antihypertensive potential.

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Interested in discovering a path to wellness through traditional medicine? Discover Mexican herbalism with common remedies used today in the Exploring Traditional Herbal Remedies in Mexico series.

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Big Mama’s Crew and the Quest Giver

Betty and Marge

About a month ago, my husband brought home two very large pregnant goats that my son christened Betty and Marge. Instead of easing into things, my husband shooed them out to make nice with the other goats. Well, they weren’t having that. Before you could say Jack Robinson, they were off and running, and it was up to my son to hunt them down.

He tracked them to the defunct water tower, where he spied both peering from behind one of the supports. Bear in mind that my son was a stranger to them, and Betty and Marge had been schooled in the perils of stranger danger. So even though he tried to calmly work his way to their location, they were having none of that. They took off in opposite directions.

Fortunately, their size meant they left an easily followed trail. He was able to find Marge up the hill and in the tall grass. He wrestled her part-way down the hill toward the house and stopped at my father-in-law’s house to ask to borrow a rope to tie up Marge temporarily so he could track down Betty.

Betty was on the other side of the fence that borders La Yacata. She and my son regarded each other for a bit. Finally, my son started talking to her, introducing himself and the like, so that stranger danger would no longer be an issue. Finally, he was able to approach close enough to lasso her. He tied her to a fence post and set about trying to find a way to get her back over the fence. She weighed too much for him to throw over his neck and haul back.

No opening big enough for Betty presented itself. However, she loosened the post enough in her struggle to escape that he was able to knock the post down, pull her across, and then set it back up again. 

Triumphant, he collected Marge and brought both white behemoths back to the house. They weren’t going to have outdoor privileges the rest of the day. The next day, Betty had her baby, and a few days after that, my husband sold the trio.

Jolina, Longshanks, and Runaway

Our herd of goats has undergone other drastic changes recently as well. All the baby boys were exchanged for a new macho, which my husband likes to do periodically to maintain genetic diversity. This macho is a bit strange looking, in my opinion. His face is so long and angular that I’ve dubbed him Longshanks (from Braveheart), although my husband keeps trying to call him Barbas (bearded). Anyway, Longshanks has revealed himself to be a quest-giver.

What’s a quest giver? You may well ask. Every time my son and I loop the block with the dogs, Longshanks pops out of nowhere and approaches. So my son said he must have a backstory. In our warped humor, we’ve imagined that he comes out to give us a side quest. He begins with, “Long ago my kingdom was stolen from me. An evil witch turned me into a goat. Now I wait until….,” and we take turns making up the conditions of the quest. It tickles our funny bones and adds to the enjoyment of the dog walks. We haven’t had a good “walk game” since Spot the Cat. (Sadly, washed-out Garfield is no longer a resident in La Yacata.)

Big Mama, with Brown Mama and babies and in the back Furry Mama.

Then, every so often, my husband gets a bee in his bonnet about having borregas (sheep) even though every time we’ve tried, it’s been an unmitigated failure. The terrain in La Yacata isn’t conducive to the more delicate sensibilities of borregas. They don’t like what there is to forage, they easily scare and run off, and they are generally unhappy campers.

Notwithstanding this recent adventure, my husband brought more borregas into the mix this week. Big Mama, Brown Mama, and Furry Mama are HUGE! Big Mama was obviously the leader of the crew of pregnant ewes. Nobody messes with Big Mama! I suppose my husband learned something from Betty and Marge’s great escape because he hasn’t tried to integrate the borregas with the goats. He even divided the corral so that each species had its own space. 

Brown Mama, the smallest of the posse, was the first to give birth. She had twins, a boy and a girl, which have yet to be named. I expect it won’t be too long before Big Mama’s crew becomes an unmanageable number. Sigh.

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Natural Healing — Muicle

Photo credit: Jim Evans

Muicle (Justicia spicigera) has a whole host of names throughout Mexico. Mexican honeysuckle, as it is known in English, is also called añil de piedra, hierba azul, hierba púrpura, trompetilla, and muitle. In the indigenous languages and regions in Mexico, it is called me tzi ña in Oaxaca, mouait in Tepehua, muu in Tenek, cruz k’aax in Yucatán, limanin in Totonaco, xoicpoxihuitl in Nahuatl, and ych-kaan in Maya.

This native Mexican bush grows to about 3 feet high and attracts hummingbirds and other pollinators with its trumpet-like orange or red flowers. I was first introduced to this plant by my sister-in-law who boiled a batch of the leaves for my husband to drink as a detoxification concoction. The juice is purple and has long been used to make a blue dye. Interestingly, this dye has been used for centuries for ceremonial tortillas. More recently, scientists have proposed its use to increase the nutritional value and reduce the starchiness of commercially produced tortillas. 

In addition to detoxification, muicle is prescribed for diarrhea, menstrual cramps or delayed menstruation, cancer, diabetes, as a postpartum cleansing, susto (anxiety or nervous disorders), cough, and as a disinfectant. Most remedies consist of boiling the branches, leaves, and flowers. For a headache accompanied by fever, the leaves are crushed and made into a poultice placed on the forehead. For cough, the crushed leaves are steeped in water overnight and the resulting infusion is drunk instead of water.

For skin treatments, crushed leaves are boiled with leaves from the capulín (Prunus salicifolia), aguacate (Persea americana), guayaba (Psidium guajava) and ajo (garlic) cloves.

Studies show that muicle is analgesic, antibacterial, antitumor, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, and antifungal. It also has shown promise in controlling epilepsy. It reduces the sensation of pain without a sedation effect. It has glucose lowering effects supporting its use as a diabetic treatment. Muicle is also as effective as valium when it comes to anxiety reduction, reduction of seizures, restless leg syndrome, and alcohol/narcotics withdrawal. It has been shown to have immunomodulatory properties. It’s chemopreventative and inhibits edema. Although muicle is often prescribed for hypertension in Mexico, there hasn’t been any scientific support for this use.

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Interested in natural remedies? Uncover herbal remedies from traditional Mexican sources for healing and wellness in the Exploring Traditional Herbal Remedies in Mexico series.

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