The fifteen or so Pedilanthus species, all of which are native to Mexico, were merged as a Euphorbia subgroup. Different herbal resources, depending on their publication date, may therefore refer to this unique plant as either Pedilanthus tithymaloides or Euphorbia tithymaloides. Subspecies of this plant are identifiable by their leaves. Some are variegated or tinted pink, white or red, or even uniquely shaped. Unlike many plants, this species is able to thrive in toxic waste sites and landfills. Planted near a doorway, it is believed to ward off evil spirits.
Euphorbia tithymaloides is known as zapatilla del diablo (devil’s slipper), pilicxitl, redbird flower, Devil’s backbone, and slipper spurge. The pink or reddish flower resembles a slipper.
The sap, stems, roots, seeds, and leaves are toxic. However, it is a common ingredient in the treatment of isihuayo, also known as caída de matriz. Zapatilla del Diablo is applied topically with hot stones, warm oil, or ash above the area the uterus is believed to be anchored to the body in order to settle the womb back in place after delivery or accident. Isihuayo is believed to be a “cold” condition that benefits from “hot” treatment. Zapatilla del Diablo is considered a “hot” plant and is often used in conjunction with steam baths and hot stones to restore the body’s equilibrium.
A tincture made from the sap is used to treat scabies, skin cancer, STDs, warts, and dental pain. Diluted sap is given as a remedy for intestinal worms and gastritis. However, the toxic properties can cause irritation and bleeding, so it should be used with extreme caution. A leaf and sap decoction is applied topically as a poultice for fractures and wounds. A leaf infusion is prescribed as a sedative, for headaches, and for respiratory ailments. A few drops of the infusion are placed on a cotton ball and inserted into the ear canal for earache. As a gargle, it is used to treat sore throat.
An infusion is given to a laboring mother when delivery is taking an excessive amount of time to hasten things along. Because it causes uterine contractions, it should never be ingested during pregnancy. It’s also recommended for menstrual cramps.
Studies have shown that pedilanthus tithymaloides inhibits herpes simplex virus type 2 infections. Zapatillo de diablo has antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antiseptic, antihemorrhagic, antiviral, anti-parasitic, and antitumoral. It is emetic, provokes vomiting, and is abortive. It also has demonstrated antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The leaves are toxic to the Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito’s eggs, larva and pupa.
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Interested in natural remedies? Uncover herbal remedies from traditional Mexican sources for healing and wellness in the Exploring Traditional Herbal Remedies in Mexico series.
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