Flipping the Switch on Community Power in La Yacata

In October, we started a new community electricity project. It’s really a continuation of the area that was covered by the federal grant we got last year that provided the colonia with electricity. Unfortunately, that little grant didn’t run lines to all the houses that are inhabited in La Yacata, and it took nearly a year to get this project rolling, what with estimates from different contracting companies, applications to CFE for another little grant, and trips to Guanajuato, Salvatierra, and Celaya for approval and paperwork. After some false promises, CFE Guanajuato dashed our hopes for any additional assistance from that quarter. Looked like we’d have to foot the bill ourselves.

Then the estimates from those contracting companies had to be brought before the colonos for approval, and there’s always hemming and hawing when that happens. Hence the delay. 

The three main roads will have the lines finished, and 3 private roads will have posts installed. There’s a total of 11 posts and public lighting in those areas. All the lots in the dark purple area will then have access to electricity. The green areas are those that were covered by the grant last year. 

When we set the second-semester aportación (community fees) last year, this project was included in the total amount requested. So those who have paid their aportaciones for 2024 had nothing more to contribute. Unfortunately, a good portion of colonos are in arrears, and without their money, we won’t be able to pay the contractor. 

We sent an update letter in February to all the colonos and followed up with a personal messenger appointment notification in September for those that were not up to date with their aportaciones. Super Prez wanted to make home visits, but I objected. I didn’t have time for that. So the personal messenger was the compromise we made. We then set aside every Tuesday in October to receive these delinquent property owners. It was a colossal waste of time. The money received from this batch of foot-draggers didn’t even pay for the cost of having the notices delivered. 

The next step is some sort of legal action. As we are a colonia, property owners are expected to abide by the regulations set forth by the community, one of which is payment of the aportaciones for community projects. In June, we had several lengthy community meetings to share those regulations with community members. These estatutos hadn’t been updated since 1995. Some of the bylaws were eliminated, including one that prohibited unmarried individuals from owning property in La Yacata. Others were clarified, such as the procedure for unbecoming community behavior, which includes non-payment of aportaciones. And some were added, like the formation of the Consejo de Honor y Justicia (more on that fiasco in another post). 

During October’s community meeting, we brought up the idea of multas (fines) for those who have not paid. The asemblea determined 20% would be acceptable and that these deadbeat colonos would be referred to the CEJA (Centro Estatal de Justicia Alternativa) office in the next town over. 

There was a small rush on payment of aportaciones the Tuesday following the junta, but not enough to make a dent in the amount we would need to pay for the current electricity project. Super Prez then asked for the phone numbers of colonos who have not paid, and he spent some time calling them to encourage them to pay up. Again, there was a small trickle of funds, but not enough to justify the time invested. 

Super Prez again brought up the idea of home visits, and I shook my head emphatically. What we need to do is go to the CEJA office and find out what they need to start calling colonos in for mediation. 

Unfortunately, there was a new wrench in the works. In June, the presidencia authorized escrituras (individual deeds), and the paperwork involved for that has been taking up every waking minute right now, but more on that in the next post.

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Natural Healing — Guaco

Guaco is the common name for plants in the Aristolochia genus, not to be confused with Cleome serrulata or Mikanie guaco, which are also known as guaco. There are at least 500 species of Aristolochia, mostly found in the tropics. Approximately 65 are native to Mexico. At least three have been very recently discovered and named; Aristolochia purhepecha found in Michoacán; Aristolochia chiapensis native to Chiapas; Aristolochia emiliae in Jalisco. 

Guaco flowers have a strong odor to attract insects, which then become caught in the perianth tube. Once an insect has been captured, the hairs wither, and the insect is released, now covered with pollen. 

Most often, guaco is prescribed for stomach ailments or pain relief from poisonous bites and stings. Although guaco is the most common name in Mexico, some species of the plant have other regional names. 

Aristolochia plants have been shown to be anticancer, antibacterial, antiparasitic, and antiviral. They also have antiplatelet, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activity. Additionally, the plants have demonstrated antifibrotic activity and anti-diabetic potential. Many varieties cause changes in the estrous cycle, and no remedy containing guaco should ever be taken by pregnant women as the plant is toxic. 

A few studies have been done on specific plants in the Aristolochia genus. Aristolochia taliscana exhibits antimycobacterial, anti-inflammatory, trypanocidal, and neuroprotective activity. A plant decoction is made to treat malaria.

Aristolochia trilobata (bejuco guaco) demonstrates antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. A vaginal douche to treat infection is made by boiling a leaf in ½ cup of water and the root is heated and placed directly on a throbbing tooth infection. 

Photo credit: Zazil Dellamary 

Aristolochia foetida shows cytotoxic potential against breast cancer cells. 

Aristolochia Mexicana is tlacopatli in Nahuatl and was used to treat urinary tract infections and speed labor during a difficult birth. Francisco Hernández reported its use in the treatment of abscesses, dysentery, and deafness. He described two varieties, coayxtelolotli (Aristolochia odoratissima) and Tomahuactlacopatli (Aristolochia pringlei), utilized in the treatment of venomous bites and stings. 

Photo credit: David J. Stang

Aristolochia maxima has the botanical synonyms Aristolochia geminiflora and Aristolochia constricta. It’s native to South and Central America. In Guatemala, it is known as canastilla and in parts of Mexico, it is known as tecolotillo and wako aak’ in Maya. It’s often prescribed as a root decoction for stomach pain. Studies have shown that it reduces the severity of opiate withdrawal symptoms. 

Photo credit: Hesner Coto Fuentes

Aristolochia brevipes, with its botanical synonym Aristolochia Wrightii, is often referred to as hierba del indio. It has anti-cancer properties, as well as antimycobacterial and anti-tuberculous activities. Boil five guaco leaves in a liter of water and drink a room-temperature glass every day as a cancer preventative. Gallbladder pain can be treated with the same infusion three times a day cada tercer día (every other day). 

Aristolochia monticola, another variety known as hierbo del indio, is used in Baja California Sur for bilis (excessive rage), digestive issues, and intestinal parasites. It is also used in diabetes treatment and eye infections (lagañosos). For intestinal parasites, one root Aristolochia monticola section is boiled along with the estafiate root (Artemisia ludoviciana subsp. mexicana) and taken daily before breakfast. 

Aristolochia Watsonii, with its botanical synonym Aristolochia porphyrophylla, has stinky flowers that resemble a rat’s ear. The entire plant is toxic. However, it has been used as a treatment for snakebite, in a leaf decoction to reduce fever, and as a substance to expel the placenta after birth. 

Photo credit: John Tann

Aristolochia elegans, known as Flor de Cálico or flor de patito, is often used as an anti-venom. Studies have shown that the roots are an effective treatment for scorpion sting symptoms. The plant also demonstrates antiparasite and antimycobacterial activity.

A poultice for scorpion stings is made by dampening the crushed plant with warm water and placing it on the stung area. In addition, a hot infusion is made with one leaf in a cup of boiling water drunk at three-hour intervals until the pain subsides. 

Photo credit: Charlie Jackson

The entire Aristolochia grandiflora plant is used as an anti-venom in the event of snakebite. The leaves are made into a poultice for rheumatism pain. Aristolochia asclepiadifolia Brandegee, native to Veracruz, is prescribed for dysentery and poisonous stings and bites. 

One cup of a tincture, about ten milliliters, made from five guaco stem pieces about six cm long, soaked in five liters of aguardiente (liquor), is a recommended diarrhea treatment. Because of the toxicity of the plant, it should only be administered once per illness period. If diarrhea continues after this treatment, another remedy should be given that does not include guaco. 

Aristolochia odoratissima, also known as cuaco, sombrerito, hediondilla is prescribed as a stimulate, diuretic, and antipyretic. The leaves are used as a poultice for swollen lymph nodes, venomous bites or stings, and sciatic or arthritis pain. A tea infusion made from the roots or flowers is prescribed for arthritis pain.  Studies show that the plant does provide an analgesic effect. 

Photo credit: Kurt Stüber

Aristolochia ovalifolia and Aristolochia arborea (guaco de árbol)  are used as snake bite treatments in Veracruz. Aristolochia pentandra is the species used in Tabasco and Yucatán. Additionally, Aristolochia pentandra is given for stomach pain (empacho) and used in wound care. An antiseptic wash is made from the flowers. Aristolochia impudica (guaco de palo) is prescribed for snake bites, cough, heart pain, and diarrhea. 

One snake bite treatment calls for five 2.5 cm guaco stem sections harvested from a mature plant, a dry seed from the crucetillo (Randia monantha Benth), and a piece 3 to 5 cm of  contrayerba (Dorstenia contrajerva L.) These are added to a liter of aguardiente (alcohol) to make a tincture. After being bitten, the person should drink a “trago” (shot) of the tincture and head to the nearest clinic or hospital for further treatment. 

As a treatment for cansancio (fatigue), the guaco tincture does not include crucetillo or contrayerba. One tablespoon is recommended each week. As a treatment for skin diseases, small amounts of shade-dried root powder are taken orally for 48 days.

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Interested in natural remedies? Uncover herbal remedies from traditional Mexican sources for healing and wellness in the Exploring Traditional Herbal Remedies in Mexico series.

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Natural Healing — Cardo Santo

Photo Credit: Erick Noe Tapia Banda

The genus Cirsium, known as cardos, has around 300 species, 75 of which are native to North American and another 35 native to tropical Central and South America.

Cardo santo (Cirsium Mexicanum), holy thistle, should not be confused with cardo bendito (blessed thistle/Centaurea benedicta), which is not native to Mexico, or chicalote (Argemone Mexicana / Mexican Prickle Poppy). Both plants are commonly called cardo santo. 

There is also some issue with spelling. Nicolás Monardes recorded several uses for “carlo santo” in his book Joyfull Newes Out of the Newfound World, which subsequent herbalists have used to refer to this plant. However, in Mexico, the term most commonly employed is the Spanish cardo (not carlo) santo. Traditional remedies recorded in Monardes’ book included chronic stomach distress, bad breath, and flatulence. 

According to The Classic Codex of 1552, the general Nahuatl term for thistles (cardos) was huitz-quilitl, meaning thorny (huitz) edible (quilitl), and they were used in remedies for black blood (bilis), scurf (dandruff), excessive heat (fever), and inflammation.

However, these days, cardo santo (Cirsium Mexicanum / Mexican Thistle) is generally prescribed to treat digestive ailments, toothache, rheumatism, heart pain, and anxiety. Other uses include fever reduction, cancer treatment, and diabetes regulation. The Zapotecs, Mixtecs, and Totonacs include cardo santo in remedies to combat el susto (fear-induced infirmities).

The roots are boiled for a tea to reduce stomach inflammation. An infusion of the flowers is made for diarrhea. Another diarrhea remedy calls for a large pinch of chopped cardo santo roots boiled in a liter of water for 15 minutes. Allow it to cool slightly, strain, and serve. An infusion from the entire plant is made as a laxative. 

For toothache, a small piece of root is boiled. The liquid is then swished through the mouth for a few minutes to alleviate the pain. 

In Michoacán, small root segments and a piece of tejocote (Crataegus mexicana) are brewed for urinary tract infections. An infusion made from the flowers is prescribed for the same ailment in the states of Mexico and Puebla.

An infusion made from the leaves is administered as a diabetes treatment. However, studies have found that there is no scientific support for cardo santo’s use in the treatment of cancer or diabetes. 

Photo credit: Patrick Alexander

Cirsium undulatum (wavyleaf thistle) is another native thistle that is commonly referred to as cardo santo in Mexico. It is used interchangeably with Cirsium Mexicanum in most remedies.

Photo credit: Ricardo Arredondo

Another thistle commonly referred to as cardo santo is Cirsium rhaphilepis

Photo credit: Robb Hannawacker

Cirsium neomexicanum (desert thistle) is also known as cardo santo. The stems and roots are edible when harvested early, before blossoming. Stems over two feet tall are too tough to eat. 

Photo credit: Dick Culbert

Cirsium subcoriaceum, yet another cardo santo, is prescribed for liver, heart, and respiratory ailments. Typically, the remedy calls for five grams of root and flowers boiled to make a strong decoction. One cup is drunk every 6 hours for 15 days, followed by a 15-day abstinence. The treatment is repeated every 15 days until symptoms improve. Studies have shown Cirsium subcoriaceum to be anti-inflammatory and analgesic.

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Interested in natural remedies? Uncover herbal remedies from traditional Mexican sources for healing and wellness in the Exploring Traditional Herbal Remedies in Mexico series.

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