Ipomoea corymbosa
Identifying this plant proved to be quite tricky. Finally, I found confirmation that Ipomoea corymbosa, Ipomoea sidaefolia, Turbina Corymbosa, and Rivea corymbosa all refer to the same native Mexican plant whose seeds are used in religious ceremonies as a hallucinogenic. The botanical name listed depends on the date and source origin.
The Mexican name for the plant is also widely varied, although the uses are similar throughout the country. The most common name used in central Mexico is ololiúqui which in Náhuatl means “round thing,” referring to the seeds rather than the plant. In Náhuatl, this variety of morning glory is Coatlxoxouqui, Coaxihuitl, or Coaxoxouque (snake-plant); in Maya, Xtabentún or x-táabentun, badoh in Zapotec; in Mixtec, Yucu-yaha or Yugu-yaha. The Chinantec use the terms Huan-mei or Huan-men-ha-sey. In the Mazatec language, it is Mo-so-le-na. The Tlapanec refer to it as Yuguá. Spanish names include tripa de pollo (chicken intestines) and tumba caballo (knocks a horse down). In English, common names include Christmasvine and Christmaspops.
Ipomoea corymbosa is a viney plant with heart-shaped leaves and white bell-shaped flowers. The seeds contain the hallucinogens d-lysergic and d-isolysergic acids, comparable to LSD, and have long been a part of religious ceremonies in Mexico by the Chantec, Mixtec, Mazatec, and Zapotec for divination, finding lost objects and people, and diagnosing illnesses. One source also reported that the seed was given to those intended for sacrifice to induce euphoria and drowsiness.
X-táabentun (which translates roughly as one that is tied to the stone or stone vine) root infusions are given to women by parteras (midwives) in especially difficult delivery situations in some areas in the Yucatán. The infusion is prepared with three fingers of x-táabentun root, and nine spikes of koke’ (Smilax spinosa Miller) sweetened with Melipona honey. In Oaxaca, the seeds are used instead of the root.
Lysergic acid (d-lysergic acid) found in both the Ipomoea corymbosa and Ipomoea tricolor causes uterine contractions within fifteen minutes of ingestion. This compound is also hemostatic and has been shown to reduce hemorrhaging after childbirth if given after the placenta has been delivered.
Among the Maya, this plant is representative of the departure of the rains and the rainy season, during which plants (and humans) are more at risk for death. Baalche’ is a ritual drink made from the seeds, fermented maíz (Zea mays), and melipona honey. It is drunk to induce visions and also rubbed on pregnant women’s abdomens.
Ipomoea tricolor
Ipomoea tricolor (also known as Ipomoea violacea and Ipomoea rubrocaerulea) seeds have a hallucinogenic effect but not as intense as the seeds from the Ipomoea corymbosa plant. This plant shares the names ololiúqui and badoh negro as their stronger counterpart. Other names include bodongás, manto del cielo, hiedra, and Mich-doh. In English, these plants are known as grannyvines or heavenly-blue morning glories. Ipomoea tricolor typically has blue, purple, or white blossoms.
The hallucinogenic effect is dependent on the dosage. Anything over 200 seeds is a high dosage and can result in undesirable effects, including suicidal tendencies. Other side effects include panic attacks, incoherent speech, coldness in the hands and feet, nausea, uncontrollable laughter or weeping, and extreme body odor.
In some areas, the bright blue flowers of the Ipomoea tricolor (also known as Tlitliltzin in Náhuatl) are ground and mixed with corn flour to make colored ceremonial tortillas.
In addition to the aforementioned properties, Ipomoea tricolor also has significant cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cells and antibacterial properties.
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Interested in natural remedies? Uncover herbal remedies from traditional Mexican sources for healing and wellness in the Exploring Traditional Herbal Remedies in Mexico series.
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